Revision knee replacement surgery is performed when a previous knee replacement fails or
wears out. This can happen due to various reasons such as infection, wear and tear,
loosening of the prosthesis, or instability. Here’s a detailed overview of the procedure:
Reasons for Revision Knee Replacement
- Prosthesis Wear and Tear: Over time, the artificial components can wear out.
- Infection: An infection in the joint may necessitate revision.
- Instability: If the knee becomes unstable, a revision may be needed to restore
stability.
- Loosening: The implant may become loose from the bone.
- Fracture: A fracture around the implant can require a revision.
Preoperative Evaluation
- Medical History and Physical Examination: To assess overall health and specific knee
issues.
- Imaging: X-rays, CT scans, or MRIs to evaluate the condition of the knee and the
implant.
- Blood Tests: To check for infection or other issues.
The Revision Surgery Procedure
- Anesthesia: General or regional anesthesia is administered.
- Incision: An incision is made to access the knee joint.
- Removal of Old Implant: The existing prosthesis is carefully removed. This may involve
removing cement or bone growth around the implant.
- Preparation of Bone Surfaces: The bone surfaces are prepared to fit the new implant.
- Placement of New Implant: The new prosthesis is placed. This may involve using
specialized components to address bone loss or instability.
- Closure: The incision is closed with sutures or staples.
Postoperative Care
- Hospital Stay: Typically involves a few days in the hospital.
- Pain Management: Medications to manage pain.
- Physical Therapy: Essential for regaining strength and mobility.
- Follow-Up Visits: Regular visits to monitor progress and ensure proper healing.
Risks and Complications
- Infection: As with any surgery, there's a risk of infection.
- Blood Clots: Potential for developing blood clots in the legs.
- Implant Failure: The new implant could also fail over time.
- Nerve or Blood Vessel Damage: Risk of damage during surgery.
- Persistent Pain: Some patients may continue to experience pain post-surgery.
Recovery and Outcomes
- Initial Recovery: Several weeks to months, with significant improvement in pain and
function expected.
- Long-Term Recovery: Full recovery may take up to a year, with ongoing improvements in
strength and mobility.
- Prognosis: Most patients experience significant relief from pain and improved function,
though outcomes can vary based on individual factors.